Alkaloids are very diverse in structure and can be monocyclic or polycyclic compounds. They can contain various functional groups, such as hydroxyl, methyl, and alcohol groups. These structural differences contribute to the diversity of chemical and biological activities of alkaloids. Lifeasible is a renowned company specializing in biological research and testing, offering a full range of services for alkaloid performance testing.
Commonly used methods include DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging capacity assay, ABTS (2,2'-biazobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical scavenging capacity assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging capacity assay. These methods evaluate the antioxidant capacity of alkaloids by measuring the color change or change in absorbance after a reaction with free radicals.
Peroxide-scavenging enzymes are important intracellular antioxidant enzymes that scavenge harmful peroxides. By determining the effect of alkaloids on the activity of these enzymes, their inhibitory effect on intracellular oxidative stress can be assessed.
Iron ions are involved in various oxidative reactions in the body, producing harmful free radicals and oxides. Alkaloids can reduce the ability of iron ions to participate in oxidative reactions by chelating them. Iron ion chelating ability can be assessed by determining the stability or color change of the complexes formed by alkaloids with iron ions.
MIC is the minimum effective concentration at which an alkaloid can be evaluated for microbial growth. Microdilution methods (e.g., in-bottle dilution method or microplate method) are usually used to determine the inhibitory effect of different concentrations of alkaloids on the growth of bacterial colonies and the minimum effective concentration.
MBC is an assessment of the ability of an alkaloid to sterilize a microorganism, i.e., the minimum effective concentration at which a colony can no longer grow. Like the MIC assay, the minimum bactericidal concentration of the alkaloid is determined by further transfer to a no-growth medium.
An alkaloid solution is impregnated on a paper sheet in contact with microorganisms, and the antimicrobial performance is assessed by observing areas of growth inhibition of surrounding colonies.
Antimicrobial activity is assessed by contacting microorganisms with the alkaloid and using flow cytometry to measure cell viability, cell membrane integrity, and other indicators.
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