Analysis of HR-Cell Death in Plants

Plants have evolved sophisticated and efficient mechanisms to prevent the invasion of their tissues by pathogens, and disease rarely occurs. One common feature of disease resistance is the rapid development of cell death at and immediately surrounding infection sites, called the hypersensitive response (HR). The HR can be triggered by various pathogens and occurs within a few hours following pathogen contact. Initiation of the HR process begins with the recognition of the pathogen by the plant, which is mediated mainly by the pathogen, a virulence gene, and the plant resistance genes.

HR-cell death has been observed at three phases of PPN infection in resistant plants, firstly, in the cortex and epidermis during plant nematode penetration and migration; secondly, in vascular tissues during the initiation of feeding cell formation; and thirdly, in cells adjacent to developing feeding cells.

Lifeasible is a leading provider of comprehensive, high-quality services for plant science. Our platform is equipped with state-of-the-art facilities and highly experienced staff to assist in areas of HR-cell death-based in plants. We guarantee credible results for our customers all over the world.

HR-Cell Death Occurring in the Nematode Penetration and Migration

• During the penetration and migration of plant nematodes, cell death is also often observed in susceptible plants, but it is less rapid and less frequent than in resistant varieties. We help our clients study the mechanism of inhibition of nematode migration due to HR-cell death, such as stopping nematode movement directly and releasing nematocidal chemicals to activate other immune responses indirectly.

Fig.1 A simplistic picture of the transduction pathways leading to the HR.

• Lifeasible also provides analysis services of HR-cell death in the cortex and epidermis during nematode penetration and migration, including inoculation of plantlets with nematodes, root penetration assay, histological characterization of giant cells, cortex, and epidermis dye labeling, etc.

HR-Cell Death Occurring in the Feeding Cell

• HR-cell death is also induced during the initiation of feeding cell development. Another possible function of HR-cell death is to create a physical gap between feeding cells and surrounding cells to block nutrient and water supplies.
• We provide related analysis services, such as separating the syncytium from stellar conductive tissues, the death of feeding cells due to disassociation of surrounding tissue, and inducing death of feeding cells without HR-cell death of surrounding cells. In addition, we also offer analysis services for the specific expression pattern of host R genes and plant nematode effectors, which determines the HR-cell death initiation site.

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