Mechanism Analysis of Nematodes Eliminating Host Chemical Defense

After nematode invasion, plant hosts produce many reactive oxygen species (ROS) and terpenes to resist or inhibit nematode invasion. Reactive oxygen species can cause enzyme inactivation, protein oxidation, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and protein denaturation, destroy cell function and completion, and have a strong toxic effect on nematodes. Terpenes affect the reproduction rate and pathogenicity of nematodes. To colonize a host successfully, plant nematodes must degrade or eliminate these chemical defense products through detoxification.

Lifeasible is committed to analyzing the mechanism of nematodes eliminating host chemical defense for scientific and clinical purposes. ​Our experienced scientists and technicians can provide comprehensive customized services for analysis at all stages. With novel strategies and proprietary features of our platform, we can adjust to meet the needs of each client.

Overcoming Host Chemical Defense by Clearing Reactive Oxygen Species

• About the scavenging of reactive oxygen species, plant nematode has evolved multiple antioxidant strategies to protect itself from the toxicity of host ROS, and genes related to ROS scavenging are up-regulated.

Fig.1 Plant nematodes use a multitude of strategies for host immunomodulation.

• Lifeasible provides analysis services for various REDOX enzymes secreted by nematodes, such as peroxidase (PRXs), glutathione peroxidase (GPXs), superoxide dismutase (SODs), etc. We also help analyze peroxidase genes using RNAi technology.
• Autophagy genes in nematodes may also play an important role in protecting against host toxicity of reactive oxygen species. We help analyze autophagy genes in plant nematodes, including ATG5, ATG9, ATG16, and others. We also provide analysis services on synergies between autophagy genes, peroxidase, and catalase in nematodes.

Overcoming Host Chemical Defense by Degrading Terpenes

• To cope with the inhibition effect of terpenes, nematodes metabolize and transform terpenes through detoxification to reduce their toxic effect and to ensure the smooth progress of the whole pathological process, such as feeding and migration.
• Detoxification of plant nematodes may be divided into three different stages. Firstly, the secondary metabolites are added functional groups by cytochrome P450, which makes them more suitable as substrates for downstream reactions. It then converts toxic metabolites into non-toxic ones; Finally, the intermediate metabolites are transported to nematodes by transporters.
• We analyze the detoxification of terpenes according to different stages, including cytochrome P450, flavin monooxygenase (FMO), glycosyltransferase, fatty acid oxidase, glucuronic acid transferase, glutathione transferase, acid phosphatase, epoxide, ATP binding transportase, etc.

Lifeasible is dedicated to bringing decades of valuable experience to help our clients. Our customers will work with our professional teams who can understand and have conquered the challenges you are faced with. If you are interested in our services or have any questions, please feel free to contact us or make an online inquiry.