An important aspect of innate immunity in eukaryotes involves rapidly detecting non-self-structures originating from potential microbial invaders. Plants monitor encounters with potential threats derived from surrounding microbes by using two classes of immune receptors, the first is pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that directly recognize their cognate microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), and the second is disease resistance (R) proteins that recognize the actions or structures of isolate/strain-specific pathogen effectors.

Lifeasible offers comprehensive services covering a wide range of cutting-edge technologies to advance your projects. Our scientists have developed a series of innovative solutions to help analyze the role of plant endoplasmic reticulum in innate immunity.

The ER Lectin Chaperone Complex Regulates PRR Folding

• Plant PPR are glycosylated proteins. There is evidence showing the requirement of components of the endoplasmic reticulum quality control (ER-QC) N-glycosylation pathway in the processing of PRR associated with immune signaling.

Fig.1. Processing of receptor kinases via the lectin and luminal-binding protein (BiP) chaperone complex.

• Lifeasible provides services to study this biological pathway, mainly around many components of the ER-resident N-glycosylation pathway, such as oligo saccharyl transferase (OST) subunits glucosidase II (GII), calreticulin (CRT) or UDP glucose glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGGT), that are critical for EF-Tu receptor (EFR) biogenesis and signaling capacity.

The ER BiP Chaperone Complex Regulates PRR Processing

• The BiP pathway regulates EFR folding through matrix-derived factor 2 (SDF2). SDF2 localizes to the ER and binds to the BiP complex. At the same time, the sdf2 plants are hypersensitive to pathogenic bacteria and fungi, implying additional defense-related PRR as possible clients of SDF2.
• We provide services and consider the effects of BiP on PRR processing on a case-by-case basis, including CRT, UGGT, ERdj3B, and SDF2, and others, which are related to plant defense signaling pathways.

Involvement of ER Derived Chaperones in the Transport of PRR to Target Membranes

• Chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 (CERK1) is a plant PRR that acts as an immune receptor for fungal chitin. The ER protein not only contributes to the maturation of these receptor-like kinases, but also forms a component of the vesicular trafficking pathway that transports CERK1 to the plasma membrane.
• On the one hand, we provide an analysis of the transport pathway using live-cell imaging techniques. On the other hand, we also provide mechanism analysis, including Hop / Sti1 and other potential regulators.

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